Select the false statement about ketamine.

Select the false statement about ketamine.

• A. Purposeful skeletal muscle movements may occur
• B. Visceral pain is better controlled than somatic pain
• C. Blood pressure and cardiac output may increase
• D. It can be given intramuscularly, orally and intravenously

Answer: (B)

Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic that works as an NMDA receptor antagonist, providing analgesia and anesthesia while often preserving airway reflexes and spontaneous breathing. Because of its dissociative nature, motor systems can remain active even when the patient is clinically sedated, so purposeful skeletal muscle movements may occur during use. Pain control with ketamine is not biased toward visceral pain; it reduces central sensitization and provides analgesia for both somatic and visceral sources, but visceral pain is not inherently better controlled than somatic pain. In fact, visceral pain can be more challenging to manage with any single agent and may require additional analgesic strategies. Ketamine typically increases sympathetic activity, which can raise blood pressure and cardiac output. This hemodynamic effect is advantageous in hypotensive patients or shock, but it can be problematic in patients with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled hypertension. And ketamine can be given by multiple routes: intravenous, intramuscular, and oral, though oral administration has lower and more variable bioavailability due to first-pass metabolism.

Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic that works as an NMDA receptor antagonist, providing analgesia and anesthesia while often preserving airway reflexes and spontaneous breathing. Because of its dissociative nature, motor systems can remain active even when the patient is clinically sedated, so purposeful skeletal muscle movements may occur during use.

Pain control with ketamine is not biased toward visceral pain; it reduces central sensitization and provides analgesia for both somatic and visceral sources, but visceral pain is not inherently better controlled than somatic pain. In fact, visceral pain can be more challenging to manage with any single agent and may require additional analgesic strategies.

Ketamine typically increases sympathetic activity, which can raise blood pressure and cardiac output. This hemodynamic effect is advantageous in hypotensive patients or shock, but it can be problematic in patients with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled hypertension.

And ketamine can be given by multiple routes: intravenous, intramuscular, and oral, though oral administration has lower and more variable bioavailability due to first-pass metabolism.